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Practical Guides for Litigants in Person

95 practical step-by-step guides for litigants in person in England and Wales. Written by a solicitor. Updated for the latest law.

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Divorce and Financial Matters

No-fault divorce, spousal maintenance, pension sharing, consent orders, and financial settlement.

Child Custody and Arrangements

Child arrangements orders, fathers rights, mothers rights, contact, grandparents, and parental responsibility.

Child Custody
Child Custody in the UK: What It Means Now and How Courts Decide

The word custody has not existed in English family law for over 35 years.

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Fathers Rights
Fathers Rights and Child Custody: What the Law Actually Says

Fathers have the same legal standing as mothers. The reality is more nuanced.

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Mothers Rights
Child Custody Rights for Mothers: What the Law Says

Mothers have automatic parental responsibility from birth.

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Child Arrangements
Shared Custody in the UK: How It Works and When Courts Order It

What shared custody means legally and when courts order it.

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Step-by-Step
How to Get Custody of Your Child in the UK

From mediation and the C100 through to the CAFCASS call and the final order.

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Contact Rights
Visitation Rights in the UK: What They Are and How to Enforce Them

Contact is dealt with through a child arrangements order.

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Urgent Applications
Emergency Custody Orders in the UK: How to Act Fast

When a child is at immediate risk, the family court can act within hours.

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Fathers Rights
Can a Father Take a Child from the Mother in the UK?

Parental responsibility, court orders, and the correct legal route.

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Grandparents
Grandparents Rights in the UK: How to Apply for Contact

Grandparents have no automatic right to see grandchildren.

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Absent Fathers
Absent Father Rights in the UK: What the Law Says

A father cut off from his child still has legal rights.

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Parental Rights
Parental Responsibility in the UK: What It Is and Who Has It

Parental responsibility determines who can make decisions about a child.

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Special Guardianship
Special Guardianship Orders: What They Are and When Courts Make Them

A special guardianship order gives a non-parent parental responsibility.

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Welfare Checklist
The Children Act Welfare Checklist: What the Family Court Is Looking For

Every family court decision about a child is made by applying the welfare checklist.

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The Family Court

Court procedure, CAFCASS, fact-finding hearings, witness statements, cross-examination, and protective orders.

Family Court Applications
How to Complete the C100 Form: A Section-by-Section Guide

The C100 is your first communication with the family court.

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Family Court Hearings
What Happens at the FHDRA: Your First Hearing Explained

The FHDRA is the first court hearing in child proceedings.

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CAFCASS
The CAFCASS Safeguarding Call: What to Expect and How to Prepare

The officer has already spoken to the other parent.

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CAFCASS
The CAFCASS Safeguarding Letter: What It Means and How to Respond

One of the most important documents in early family proceedings.

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CAFCASS Reports
The Section 7 Report: What It Is and How to Prepare

Often the most important document in a contested child case.

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Fact-Finding
The Fact-Finding Hearing: What It Is and How to Prepare

Determines disputed facts -- usually allegations of domestic abuse.

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Enforcement
Contact Refused: How to Enforce a Child Arrangements Order

The C79 application and what the court can order.

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Court Documents
How to Write a Position Statement for the Family Court

What it should contain and how to structure it.

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Witness Statements
How to Write a Witness Statement for the Family Court

Your witness statement is the most important document you will produce.

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Cross-Examination
How to Cross-Examine in the Family Court as a Litigant in Person

One of the most daunting parts of representing yourself.

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McKenzie Friends
What Is a McKenzie Friend? How They Help in the Family Court

A McKenzie Friend can sit with you and help you present your case.

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Domestic Abuse
Domestic Abuse and the Family Court: How It Affects Your Case

How domestic abuse allegations change the course of proceedings.

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Protective Orders
Restraining Orders in the UK: Non-Molestation and Occupation Orders

How to apply and what protection you get.

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Protective Orders
How to Apply for a Non-Molestation Order: A Step-by-Step Guide

Protects you from harassment, threats, and violence.

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Dismissal and Redundancy

Unfair dismissal, discrimination, redundancy, schedule of loss, and how to bring your own claim.

Dismissal and Redundancy
Employment Tribunals in the UK: What They Are and How They Work

An independent judicial body that resolves disputes between employers and employees.

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Step-by-Step
How to Make an Employment Tribunal Claim: The Complete Process

From calculating your deadline and contacting ACAS through to submitting your ET1.

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ET1 Form
How to Complete the ET1 Claim Form: A Section-by-Section Guide

The document that starts your employment tribunal claim.

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Unfair Dismissal
Unfair Dismissal in the UK: What It Is and How to Claim

The most common ET claim. What makes a dismissal unfair.

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Constructive Dismissal
Constructive Dismissal in the UK: What It Is and How to Prove It

One of the harder claims to win. What it requires.

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Wrongful Dismissal
Wrongful Dismissal in the UK: How It Differs from Unfair Dismissal

Different claims, different rules, different remedies.

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Discrimination
Discrimination at Work in the UK: Your Rights and How to Claim

The Equality Act 2010 protects employees on nine protected characteristics.

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Discrimination
The Nine Protected Characteristics Under the Equality Act 2010

What each characteristic means and how the protection works.

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Redundancy
Redundancy Rights in the UK: What You Are Entitled To

Notice, statutory pay, fair selection, and what to do if the process was unfair.

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Redundancy
Unfair Redundancy Selection: How to Challenge It

Redundancy is only fair if the selection process is fair.

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Whistleblowing
Whistleblowing at Work in the UK: Your Rights and Protections

If you reported wrongdoing and suffered as a result, you have significant protections.

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Settlement Agreements
Settlement Agreements in the UK: What to Accept and What to Negotiate

Before you sign, here is what most employees fail to negotiate.

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Without Prejudice
Without Prejudice Communications: What They Are and When the Rule Applies

One of the most misunderstood concepts in litigation.

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ACAS
ACAS Early Conciliation: What It Is and What to Expect

The mandatory first step before any ET claim.

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Schedule of Loss
How to Calculate and Draft Your Schedule of Loss

Get it wrong and you limit your recovery.

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Position Statements
How to Write a Position Statement for the Employment Tribunal

What they should contain and how to write one that helps your case.

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Appeals
The Employment Appeal Tribunal: How to Appeal an ET Decision

Lost at the ET and think the judge made an error of law?

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Reconsideration
Reconsideration of an Employment Tribunal Decision: When and How to Apply

Faster and cheaper than an appeal.

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